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【目的】研究孤独症和精神发育迟滞的围生期危险因素及相关家族史之间的差异。【方法】分析在复旦大学附属儿科医院诊治的100例孤独症儿童、60例精神发育迟滞儿童以及80例发育正常儿童的围生期及家族史资料,应用方差分析、秩和检验以及χ2检验分析三组儿童围生期危险因素及家族史之间的差异。【结果】孤独症及精神发育迟滞儿童有家族史的比例显著高于正常儿童(35.0%vs 6.3%,P<0.001;31.7%vs 6.3%,P=0.005),而孤独症组和精神发育迟滞组的家族史差异无统计学意义(P=0.362)。三组儿童有孕期疾病史的比例存在差异(28.00%vs 45.00%vs26.25%,χ2=6.635,P=0.036),但两两比较后发现各组之间差异均不显著。孤独症组母亲的孕龄显著高于正常儿童组(P<0.001),与精神发育迟滞组差异不显著,而精神发育迟滞组与正常儿童组之间的差异也不显著。三组儿童围生期缺氧或窒息史的比例不存在显著差异(8.00%vs 10.00%vs 2.50%,χ2=3.589,P=0.166)。在胎产次、孕周、生产方式、产重上,三组儿童之间差异也无统计学意义。【结论】1)孤独症与精神发育迟滞患儿家族史的阳性率不相上下,但均显著高于正常儿童;2)晚孕可能是孤独症的一个危险因素。
【Objective】 To study the differences between perinatal risk factors and related family history of autism and mental retardation. 【Methods】 Perinatal and family history data of 100 cases of autistic children, 60 cases of mental retardation and 80 cases of normal children diagnosed and treated in Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed. Analysis of variance, rank sum test and Chi-square test Differences between perinatal risk factors and family history in three groups of children. 【Results】 The children with autism and mental retardation had a significantly higher family history than the normal children (35.0% vs 6.3%, P <0.001; 31.7% vs 6.3%, P = 0.005), while those with autism and mental retardation Family history of the group had no significant difference (P = 0.362). The proportions of the three groups of children with history of pregnancy were different (28.00% vs 45.00% vs26.25%, χ2 = 6.635, P = 0.036). However, no significant difference was found between the groups. The gestational age of mothers in autism group was significantly higher than that in normal children (P <0.001), but not significantly different from that in mental retardation group, but not significantly different between mental retardation group and normal children group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of hypoxia or asphyxia among the three groups (8.00% vs 10.00% vs 2.50%, χ2 = 3.589, P = 0.166). In the fetal production, gestational age, mode of production, weight, the difference between the three groups of children was not statistically significant. 【Conclusions】 1) The positive rates of family history in children with autism and mental retardation are similar, but both are significantly higher than those in normal children; 2) Late pregnancy may be a risk factor for autism.