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目的探讨江苏省盐城市盐都区已婚女性孕前健康状况及影响因素,为优生优育项目实施提供理论依据。方法选取2013年1月~2014年12月江苏省盐城市盐都区的8 518名已婚妇女为研究对象。对所有研究对象进行优生优育项目调查,包含询问患者病史、进行医学检查、对影响因素进行风险评估等。结果所有被调查者中,接触毒害物的前5位依次为吸烟(0.33%)、被动吸烟(0.21%)、饮酒(0.09%)、接触有机溶剂(0.08%)以及家畜宠物(0.06%)。不良妊娠结局中,人工流产所占比例最高为18.41%,其次为自然流产(1.06%)、死胎流产(0.43%)和其他不良妊娠结局(0.12%)。被调查的8 518名已婚妇女中,出现医学检查异常者2 430例(28.53%)。在病毒实验室检查中,梅毒螺旋体阳性比例为0.38%。体重指数与高血压、贫血、空腹血糖、肝功能异常、肾功能异常及甲状腺功能异常呈现相关性。高血压为不良妊娠结局的影响因素,空腹血糖为自然流产的影响因素。结论江苏省盐城市盐都区仍需要加强孕前保健相关知识宣传,提高孕妇生育健康知识知晓率,从而提升优生优育项目的服务质量。
Objective To investigate the health status and influencing factors of married women in Yandu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, and to provide theoretical basis for the implementation of prenatal and postnatal care programs. Methods A total of 8 518 married women from January 2013 to December 2014 in Yandu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province were selected as research subjects. Surveys on all subjects were conducted for prenatal and postnatal care programs, which included interrogating the patient’s medical history, conducting medical examinations, and assessing the risk factors. Results Among the respondents, the top five contact poisonings were smoking (0.33%), passive smoking (0.21%), drinking alcohol (0.09%), organic solvents (0.08%) and livestock pets (0.06%). Among the unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, the highest proportion of induced abortion was 18.41%, followed by spontaneous abortion (1.06%), stillbirth (0.43%) and other unfavorable pregnancy outcomes (0.12%). Of the 8 518 married women surveyed, 2 430 (28.53%) had medical examinations anomalies. In virus laboratory tests, the positive rate of Treponema pallidum was 0.38%. Body mass index and hypertension, anemia, fasting blood glucose, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction and thyroid dysfunction showed correlation. Hypertension is the influencing factor of adverse pregnancy outcome. Fasting blood glucose is the influencing factor of spontaneous abortion. Conclusion In Yandu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, it is still necessary to strengthen the publicity of prenatal care knowledge and improve the awareness rate of pregnant women’s reproductive health knowledge so as to improve the service quality of prenatal and postnatal care items.