目的了解辽宁省大连市6～17岁儿童高血压的发生状况,探索儿童原发性高血压的易患因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法 ,随机抽取大连市某区的小学、初中各2所学校,对6～17岁学生进行血压测量,并填写调查表;采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 (1)调查1745名儿童,其中男生907名,女性838名,检出高血压163例,患病率为9.3%;其中男生患病率为11.9%,女生患病率为6.6%,随年龄增长男性患病率增长有统计学意义(P=0.000);(2)儿童高血压有明显的遗传倾向,母系遗传的危险性较父系更大(χ2=5.363,P=0.000);(3)高血压患病率与儿童肥胖呈正相关,体质指数越大,高血压患病率越高(χ2=137.06,P=0.000);(4)儿童的睡眠时间与高血压呈负相关。结论遗传、肥胖、儿童的饮食及睡眠习惯与儿童高血压的发生密切相关。 Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension in children aged 6 to 17 in Dalian, Liaoning Province, and to explore the predisposing factors of children with essential hypertension. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 2 schools in primary and secondary schools in a district of Dalian City to measure blood pressure of 6-17-year-old students and fill in the questionnaire. SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results (1) A total of 1745 children were investigated, including 907 boys and 838 females, with 163 cases of hypertension being detected, the prevalence rate was 9.3%. Among them, the prevalence of boys was 11.9% and that of girls was 6.6% (2) There was a significant genetic predisposition to hypertension in males and maternal heredity was more dangerous than paternal (χ2 = 5.363, P = 0.000); (3) ) The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with childhood obesity. The higher the body mass index, the higher the prevalence of hypertension (χ2 = 137.06, P = 0.000). (4) The children’s sleep time was negatively correlated with hypertension. Conclusion Genetic, obesity, children’s diet and sleep habits are closely related to the occurrence of hypertension in children.