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为提高矿井微震的定位精度,通过模拟试验对比分析常规定位及新方法在定位求解中的适用范围及优缺点,研究反演未知变量数目、检波器的密度、波速等对各自定位方法的影响。基于单纯形法的优点,并结合模拟退火法的全局收敛性,提出采用稳健的模拟退火-单纯形法进行微震定位。研究发现,该方法不必直接搜索发震时刻,只需通过稳健方法预先估算,利用较少的检波器就可进行微震定位,且基本不受初始波速影响,从而大大减少搜索步数,有效地提高定位精度及收敛速度。以柿竹园矿人工爆破定位测试试验为例,重点分析比较模拟退火-单纯形法、稳健模拟退火-单纯形法及其他定位方法的空间绝对距离及目标函数误差,认为检波器数量较多且可获得理想的P波信息时,应用非线性最小二乘法能求出可信的结果;其余定位方法的三维定位误差及目标函数误差相差不大,但稳健模拟退火-单纯形法目标函数误差最小,稳定性最高,可在矿井微震定位中推广使用。
In order to improve the positioning precision of mine microseismicity, the application scope, advantages and disadvantages of conventional positioning and the new method are analyzed and compared through simulation tests. The influence of the number of unknown variables, detector density and wave velocity on their positioning methods is studied. Based on the merits of the simplex method and the global convergence of the simulated annealing method, the micro-seismic location using the robust simulated annealing-simplex method is proposed. It is found that this method does not have to directly search for seismogenic moments and can only be estimated in advance by a robust method. With fewer geophones, microseismic localization can be carried out without any influence on initial wave velocities, thus greatly reducing the number of search steps and effectively increasing Positioning accuracy and convergence speed. Taking Shizhuyuan Mine as an example, the empiric test of artificial blasting is taken as an example to analyze and compare the space absolute distance of simulated annealing - simplex method, robust simulated annealing - simplex method and other positioning methods and the objective function error. When the ideal P wave information can be obtained, the nonlinear least square method can be used to obtain the credible result. The other three positioning errors of the positioning method and the objective function error are similar, but the error of the objective function of the robust simulated annealing - simplex method is the smallest , The highest stability, can promote the use of mine microseismic location.