由户籍改革滞后和社会管理缺陷造成的黑户问题,是一个具有中国特色的社会问题,这已成为困扰经济增长和社会发展的重要因素。根据2010年国务院第六次全国人口普查数据,全国至少有1300余万人没有户口,约占中国所有人口的1%。1300多万“黑户”浮出水面,成为数十年来中国人口政策和社会治理中不容忽视的问题人群。他们没有户籍资料,没有户口卡(常住人口登记卡),也通常没有身份证,所以被社会俗称为“黑户”。他们中大多数是超生人员,也有部分是属于弃婴、收养或领养子女,还有部分 The problem of black population, which is caused by the lag of household registration reform and the defects of social management, is a social issue with Chinese characteristics. This has become an important factor that plagues economic growth and social development. According to the data from the Sixth National Census of the State Council in 2010, at least 13 million people in the country have no hukou, accounting for about 1% of China’s total population. More than 13 million “black households” surfaced and become a problem that can not be ignored in China’s population policy and social governance for decades. They do not have household registration information, do not have account card (resident population registration card), they usually do not have ID card, so they are commonly known as “black households” by the society. Most of them are super-workers, and some are abandoned, adopted or adopted children, and some