【目的】探讨海岛棉产量性状与品质性状的相互关系,为培育高产优质的海岛棉新品种提供依据。【方法】测定海岛棉06-146×新海14号的107个F2∶5家系的产量性状和纤维品质性状,利用SPSS软件进行关联度分析、通径分析、逐步回归分析和相关分析,明确其产量性状和品质性状之间的相互关系。【结果】产量性状受纤维品质的影响比较小;产量各性状对皮棉产量的通径分析表明,无论是直接通径系数还是最后的净效应值,其作用均是铃数>单铃重>衣分,偏重铃数和单铃重的选择,将有利于海岛棉产量的提高;品质性状的通径分析表明:直接通径系数大小排序依次为:上半均长>比强度>马克隆值>伸长率>整齐度;上半均长、比强度、马克隆值是影响纤维品质的最重要因素。【结论】产量性状受纤维品质的影响比较小;影响产量构成的三大因素为铃数、单铃重、衣分,偏重铃数和单铃重的选择,将有利于海岛棉产量的提高;然而上半均长、比强度、马克隆值是影响纤维品质的最重要因素。 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between yield traits and quality traits of island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and to provide a basis for breeding new varieties of Gossypium barbadense with high yield and quality. 【Method】 The yield traits and fiber quality traits of 107 F2: 5 pedigrees of island cotton 06-146 × Xinhai 14 were determined. The correlation analysis, path analysis, stepwise regression analysis and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS software to determine the yield The relationship between traits and quality traits. 【Result】 Yield traits were less affected by fiber quality. Path analysis of yield traits on lint yield showed that both the direct path coefficient and the net effect value were the number of bolls> single boll weight> The results showed that the order of direct path coefficient was as follows: upper half average length> specific intensity> micronaire value> Elongation> Uniformity; the average length of the upper half, specific strength, micronaire value is the most important factor affecting fiber quality. 【Conclusion】 The yield traits are less affected by fiber quality. The three factors affecting the yield formation are boll number, boll weight, lint percentage, partial bell number and single boll weight, which will be benefit to the increase of island cotton yield. However, the average length of the first half, specific strength, micronaire value is the most important factor affecting fiber quality.