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按照历史唯物主义观点,生产力对生产关系的决定作用,可以归结到劳动资料的性质上去。马克思说:“生产者相互发生的这些社会关系,他们借以互相交换其活动和参与共同生产的条件,当然依照生产资料的性质而有所不同”。而劳动资料的不同性质,其基础是劳动资料不同的使用价值。劳动资料的不同使用价值即不同的有用性,也是劳动资料不同历史形态区分的基础。机器(机械化机器和自动化机器)作为劳动资料发展到近现代的历史形态,对近、现代社会发生着重大的社会作用。正如恩格斯所说:“分工,水力,特别是蒸气力的利用,机器的应用,这就是从18世纪中叶起工业用来摇撼旧世界基础的三个伟大的杠杆。”而机器的社会作用的基础是机器的使用价值。本文试对机器的使用价值及其历史发展略作探讨。
According to historical materialism, the decisive role of the productive forces in relations of production can be attributed to the nature of labor information. According to Marx, “The conditions under which these social relations of producers occur with each other and by which they exchange their activities and participate in co-production depend, of course, on the nature of the means of production.” The different nature of the labor information is based on the different use values of the labor information. The different value of use of labor information is different usefulness, but also the basis of the different historical forms of labor information. Machinery (mechanized machinery and automated machinery) as the development of labor information into the modern history has a major social effect on recent and modern societies. As Engels put it, “The division of labor, the utilization of water, especially steam, the application of machinery, is the three great levers that industry has used to shake the foundations of the old world from the mid-18th century.” And the basis of the social role of the machine Is the value of the machine. This paper tries to explore the use value of the machine and its historical development.