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陀思妥耶夫斯基的《罪与罚》以“复调”小说而著称。写作者站到了帷幕后,使得故事里的人物能自由地吐露心声,从而与幕后的作者、场外的读者形成一种开放式的对话桥梁。小说内部,故事人物与自我、与作者自由地对话,各个人物间迥异的思想观念、小说中各个章节也充盈着多层次的对话。小说外部,同其他文学作品以及从过去到现在乃至将来的各种相关思潮都形成不同程度的对话与关联。通过这种多层次对话、共时性叙述恰到好处地展现了所处时代的复杂、矛盾、多声部性,生动地刻画出穷苦知识分子和底层人民的复杂处境,揭示个人不同经历与内心感受同五彩纷呈的现实生活之间产生的深刻联系。
Dostoyevsky’s Sin and Punishment are known as “polyphonic” novels. After the writer reaches the curtain, the characters in the story can freely express their feelings and form an open bridge of dialogue with behind-the-scenes authors and off-site readers. Inside the novel, the story person and the self, the dialogue with the author freely, the different thoughts and concepts among the various characters, and the various chapters in the novel are filled with multi-level dialogues. The outside of the novel, with other literary works and from the past to present and future of all kinds of related thoughts have different levels of dialogue and association. Through this multi-level dialogue, the synchronic narrative precisely shows the complex, contradictory and multi-vocal nature of the times in which it vividly portrays the complex situation of the poor intellectuals and the people at the bottom and reveals the difference between individual experiences and feelings The colorful relationships between real life.