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土壤固碳在制约全球气候变暖上具有重要作用,也越来越受到人们的关注。笔者综述了国内外有机农业在土壤固碳和生物多样性作用方面的研究进展。与常规农田比,有机农业管理措施(施用有机肥、免耕等保护性耕作方式、秸秆还田以及轮作等)具有促进土壤团聚、提高微生物活性和增加土壤有机质等功效,能够增加土壤中的碳贮量,增加农田生物多样性,对极端气候具有更强的适应性。中国有机农业在土壤固碳上具有更大的潜力,应该加强开展有机农业固碳效果的监测和定量评价,为碳减排补贴和全球碳汇贸易提供理论基础。
Soil carbon sequestration plays an important role in restricting global warming and attracts more and more people’s attention. The author summarizes the research progress of organic agriculture at home and abroad on the role of soil carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Compared with conventional farmland, organic farming practices (such as organic manure, conservation tillage such as no-tillage, straw returning and crop rotation) have the effect of promoting soil reunion, increasing microbial activity and increasing soil organic matter, and can increase the amount of carbon in the soil Reserves, increase the biodiversity of farmland and have more adaptability to extreme climate. Organic agriculture in China has greater potential for soil carbon sequestration. Monitoring and quantitative evaluation of carbon sequestration in organic agriculture should be strengthened to provide a theoretical basis for carbon emission reduction subsidies and global carbon sequestration trade.