当前产科领域中最重要的目的是降低围产期死亡率。1980年美国围产期死亡率为12.8%,平均每三个死产中有一个就发生于产间。围产期病率其发生率高于围产期死亡率,但它比较难断定,某些方面如分娩的创伤;阿氏记分低;或新生抑制是容易认识的,但某些可致低能儿的微细损害却很难肯定。因为产间时期对胎儿是一种应力,分娩对胎儿甚至是一种危险,因此这段时间内一切妊娠均应视为“高危妊娠”。多年来在分娩期护士都是在宫缩后用听诊器听15秒再乘4来表明每分钟胎儿心跳数,来估计胎儿在宫内是否良好,直至1968年才感到此法测定胎儿窘迫是不够满意的,Benson及其同事在25,000次分娩中用胎儿镜来测定认为单纯胎心率与胎儿在宫内 The most important objective currently in the field of obstetrics is to reduce perinatal mortality. The perinatal mortality rate in the United States in 1980 was 12.8%, with an average of one out of three stillbirths occurring in the workshop. The incidence of perinatal morbidity is higher than that of perinatal mortality, but it is more difficult to conclude that certain aspects such as childbirth trauma, low birthmarks, or neonatal suppression are easily recognizable, but some can cause morbidity The tiny damage is hard to be sure. Because the inter-maternity period is a strain of the fetus, childbirth is even a risk to the fetus, so all pregnancies during this period should be considered “high-risk pregnancies.” Over the years in nursery nurses are contractions with a stethoscope to listen for 15 seconds and then multiplied by 4 to indicate the number of fetal heartbeat per minute to estimate the fetus in the uterus is good, until 1968 did not feel this measure fetal distress is not satisfied , Benson and colleagues used fetal mirrors in 25,000 deliveries to determine the association between simple fetal heart rate and intrauterine