共刺激分子CD40/CD40L及B7/CD28是T细胞活化的两条重要辅助刺激通路,不仅在调节T细胞免疫反应中起关键作用,而且也在B细胞的活化、增殖、分化、抗体的分泌起重要作用。近年来它们在动脉粥样硬化方面的研究成为国内外学者研究的热点。对共刺激分子和动脉粥样硬化关系的深入了解,将有助于阐明动脉粥样硬化发生的炎症和免疫机制,并为临床治疗开辟新途径。本文综述了共刺激分子的免疫学特征及功能以及在动脉粥样硬化中发挥的作用与免疫学治疗的前景。 Costimulatory molecules CD40 / CD40L and B7 / CD28 are two important auxiliary stimulatory pathways for T cell activation. They not only play a key role in the regulation of T cell immune response, but also play an important role in the activation, proliferation, differentiation and antibody secretion of B cells Important role. In recent years, their research in the field of atherosclerosis has become a hot spot of scholars both at home and abroad. In-depth understanding of the relationship between costimulatory molecules and atherosclerosis will help elucidate the inflammatory and immune mechanisms that occur in atherosclerosis and open up new avenues for clinical treatment. This article reviews the immunological characteristics and functions of co-stimulatory molecules and the role they play in atherosclerosis and the prospects for immunological therapy.