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为探索隧道防排水体系与地下渗流场之间的关系,研制了施工及运营期矿山法隧道渗流模型试验系统,其整体尺寸为3 m(宽)×3 m(高)×2 m(厚),包括渗流模型箱、加固区模拟装置、排(涌)水量采集装置、移动式循环水箱装置和数据采集装置。该试验系统能够方便、准确地测试矿山法隧道施工及运营阶段的水压力、排(涌)水量和渗流场变化,并可根据试验需求对不同水头作用下的围岩、注浆圈、掌子面预注浆区域和初衬等进行配置和更换,最大限度地还原隧道及其周边渗流场状态。依托实际工程,采用该渗流模型试验系统和以控制渗透系数为基础的围岩-支护体系相似材料开展了不同注浆圈渗透系数下的渗流模型试验研究。结果表明:随着注浆圈渗透系数减小,渗流速度减慢,渗流时间大幅增加;运营期隧道二衬和注浆圈背后的特征点水压分布规律相似,注浆圈渗透系数越小其分担水压的效果越明显;对于非扰动开挖状态下隧道拱顶的特征点,开挖区靠近掌子面时其水压力值呈快速减小的趋势,但仍有动水压的作用,注浆圈渗透系数的改变对掌子面前方围岩中的渗流影响有限;对于非扰动开挖状态下隧道拱底的特征点,不同注浆圈渗透系数下,开挖区各测点的离散性较大,随注浆圈渗透系数增大,初衬背后的水压力值逐渐增加,而注浆圈背后的水压力值呈下降的趋势。
In order to explore the relationship between tunnel drainage system and underground seepage field, a tunneling model test system for mine tunneling in construction and operation period was developed. Its overall size is 3 m (width) × 3 m (height) × 2 m (thickness) , Including the seepage flow model box, reinforcement zone simulation device, row (gush) water collection device, mobile circulating water tank device and data acquisition device. The test system can conveniently and accurately test the water pressure, displacement and infiltration field changes during the construction and operation of the Mines and Tunnels. According to the test requirements, the surrounding rock, grouting ring, Surface pre-grouting area and the initial lining, etc. to configure and replace, to minimize the tunnel and its surrounding seepage field state. Relying on practical engineering, the seepage model test under different permeability coefficient of grouting ring was carried out by using the seepage flow model test system and similar material of surrounding rock-support system based on controlling permeability coefficient. The results show that with the decreasing of permeability coefficient of grouting circle, the seepage velocity slows down and the seepage time increases greatly. The hydraulic pressure distribution law of characteristic points behind tunnel lining and grouting circle is similar in operation period, the smaller the permeability coefficient of grouting circle The effect of water pressure sharing is more obvious. For the characteristic points of the tunnel vault under the condition of undisturbed excavation, the water pressure value of excavation area tends to decrease rapidly when the excavation area is close to the face of the dug. However, The change of permeability coefficient of grouting circle has a limited influence on the seepage in the surrounding rock in front of face. For the characteristic points of tunnel arch under undisturbed excavation and the permeability coefficient of grouting circle, With the increase of permeability coefficient, the water pressure behind the primary lining increases gradually, while the water pressure behind the grouting ring shows a decreasing trend.