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The effect of surface recrystallization by heating after shot-peening on the creep rupture property and fracture behavior of a single-crystal superalloy was investigated.The results show that the creep rupture property of the single-crystal superalloy was greatly influenced by surface recrystallization.A recrystallized surface layer with a depth of 101 μm resulted in a decrease in creep rupture life by nearly 50%,and an almost linear reduction of creep rupture life was observed with the increase of recrystallization depth.A lower strength of the recrystallized layer,inhomogeneous deformation between the recrystallized layer and the matrix,and stress concentration caused by notch effect resulted in the decrease in creep rupture life of the single-crystal superalloy.