引言波兰尼认为,近代以来,西方哲学的一个基本倾向是颂扬批判理性而贬抑我们认识中的非批判因素。波兰尼用“批判哲学”一词来概括西方近代哲学的基本精神,把笛卡尔、休谟、康德、密尔、罗素等人看作是批判哲学的代表人物。波兰尼充分肯定了批判哲学的历史功绩,但他认为,批判哲 Introduction Polanyi believes that in modern times, a fundamental tendency of Western philosophy is to praise critical reason and derogate from non-critical elements of our understanding. Polanyi uses the term “critical philosophy” to summarize the basic spirit of modern Western philosophy, and consider Descartes, Hume, Kant, Mill, Russell and others as representatives of critical philosophy. Polanyi fully affirmed the historical merit of critical philosophy, but he believes that the critical philosophy