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目的调查分析大连地区正畸患者恒牙先天缺失的发生率及分布,包括第三磨牙。方法随机抽取2008年7月至2011年6月来大连市口腔医院就诊的正畸患者800例(男260例,女540例;年龄9～40岁),通过观察其全颌曲面断层片,分析恒牙先天缺失的发生率及分布。结果包括第三磨牙在内的恒牙先天缺失发生率为36.13%,除第三磨牙外的恒牙先天缺失发生率为12.5%。性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除第三磨牙外的轻度先天缺牙例数(缺失1～2颗牙)占87%,中度先天缺牙例数(缺失3～5颗牙)占10%,重度先天缺牙例数(缺失牙≥6颗)占3%。常见的缺失牙位因缺牙程度的不同而不同,轻度缺失时,最常见的缺失牙位在前牙(最多见的是右下侧切牙),随着缺牙程度的加重,常见的缺失牙位在后牙(最常见的是下颌第二前磨牙)。上、下颌的缺牙情况是,轻度缺牙(缺失1～2颗)时,下颌的发生率高于上颌;中、重度缺牙时,上、下颌之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。上、下牙弓左右侧的缺牙发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。缺失牙≥2颗时,对称缺失占大多数,最常见的对称缺失牙位是下颌第二前磨牙。结论除第三磨牙外,大连地区正畸患者最常见的缺失牙位是下颌侧切牙;随先天缺牙程度加重,则以下颌第二前磨牙先天缺失最常见。
Objective To investigate the incidence and distribution of congenital absence of permanent teeth in orthodontic patients in Dalian, including the third molars. Methods A total of 800 orthodontic patients (260 males and 540 females; aged 9 to 40 years old) who came to Dalian Stomatological Hospital from July 2008 to June 2011 were randomly selected and analyzed. The incidence and distribution of congenital absence of permanent teeth. Results Incidence of congenital absence of permanent teeth, including the third molars, was 36.13%. The incidence of congenital absence of congenital teeth other than the third molars was 12.5%. There was no significant difference between the sexes (P> 0.05). Except for the third molars, there were 87 cases of mild birth defects (1 ~ 2 missing teeth), 10% cases of moderate birth defects (3 ~ 5 teeth missing), 10 cases of severe birth defects (Missing teeth ≥ 6) accounted for 3%. The common missing tooth position varies according to the degree of missing tooth. In the case of mild loss, the most common missing tooth is in the anterior tooth (the most common is the right lower incisor). As the number of missing teeth is increased, the common deletion Teeth in the posterior teeth (the most common is the mandibular second premolar). In the upper and lower jaws, the incidence of lower jaw was higher than that of the maxilla in the case of slight missing teeth (missing one or two), while there was no significant difference between the upper and lower jaws in moderate and severe missing teeth (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of edentulous teeth on the left and right of the upper and lower dental arch (P> 0.05). Loss of teeth ≥ 2 stars, the symmetry loss accounted for the majority of the most common symmetric deletion of the mandibular second premolar. Conclusions Except for the third molars, the most common missing tooth in orthodontic patients in Dalian is the mandibular lateral incisor. With the increase of congenital cryptofacies, the congenital absence of second molars in the lower jaw is the most common.