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优化漳卫河平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的灌溉制度,对进一步深入研究水资源严重短缺的河南省可持续农业的发展具有一定的示范意义。本研究以经过参数率定与模拟验证的SWAT为工具,设置了1种充分灌溉和9种非充分灌溉情形,拟合得到冬小麦和夏玉米的Jensen模型水分生产函数,在此基础上,以不考虑氮磷胁迫的历史灌溉情景为基本情形,设置了3种优化灌溉方案。模拟结果表明:与基本情景相比,轮作体系粮食稳产,平均节约灌溉用水16.13%,水分利用率平均提高3.05%;与相应时段的年鉴统计值和模拟的历史情景下的产量相比,最优情景下全区轮作体系粮食平均增产30.76%和6.47%;与模拟的历史情景相比,优化情景下轮作体系的水分利用率平均提高23.94%。
Optimizing the irrigation system of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the Zhangwei River Plain is of certain demonstration significance for further researching the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, which has a serious shortage of water resources. In this study, SWAT with parameter calibration and simulation verification was used to set up a model of full irrigation and nine kinds of inadequate irrigation. The water production function of Jensen model for winter wheat and summer maize was fitted. On this basis, Considering the historical irrigation scenarios of nitrogen and phosphorus stress as the basic situation, three kinds of optimized irrigation programs were set up. The simulation results show that compared with the basic scenario, the rotation system grain yield is stable, saving irrigation water 16.13% and water utilization rate increasing by 3.05% on average. Compared with the annual statistics and simulated historical scenarios, Under the scenario, grain yield of crop rotation system in the whole region increased by 30.76% and 6.47% on average respectively. Compared with the simulated historical scenario, the water use efficiency of crop rotation system increased by 23.94% on average.