本文重点从归因、自我意识、归属感、社会比较等四个方面，探析下岗者消极自我体验产生的原因，并指出调适下岗者心理必须依靠社会调适和个人调适两种手段。 This paper focuses on the causes of negative self-experience of laid-offs from four aspects: attribution, self-awareness, belonging and social comparison. It points out that the psychological adjustment of laid-off workers must rely on two methods: social adjustment and personal adjustment.