目的 :分析、评价先天性巨输尿管症X线尿路造影检查的影像特征、检查技巧及临床价值。方法 :分析 15例经手术、病理证实的先天性巨输尿管症的X线尿路造影片及造影时的动态观察记录。结果 :(1)单或双侧输尿管扩张始于盆段 ,且呈上行渐进性发展 ,造成肾盂肾盏扩张 ,扩张的输尿管可发生迂曲改变。而扩张输尿管末端临近膀胱入口处管径正常 ,为功能性梗阻段 ,长度为 1～ 2cm ;(2 )除功能性梗阻段以外 ,其余段输尿管的蠕动一般正常 ,早期有时可见高蠕动 ;(3)扩张输尿管排空延迟 ;(4)无膀胱输尿管返流 ;(5 )本病的X线造影检查应选用大剂量静脉尿路造影 ,造影时早期解除腹压带 ,增加延迟摄片 ,并加照膀胱斜位点片 ,加强动态观察。结论 :X线尿路造影是对先天性巨输尿管症进行诊断、随访及术后疗效观察的一种最适宜的检查方法 Objective: To analyze and evaluate the imaging characteristics, examination skills and clinical value of X-ray urography of congenital megacurease. Methods: Fifteen cases of X-ray urography of congenital megalitis confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed and their dynamic observation records were recorded. Results: (1) Unilateral or bilateral ureteral dilatation began in the pelvis, and the upward progressive development, resulting in expansion of the pyelonephrosis, dilatation of the ureter can occur tortuous changes. While the expansion of the proximal end of the ureter near the entrance of the bladder diameter normal, functional obstruction segment length of 1 ~ 2cm; (2) in addition to functional obstruction segment, other segments of the ureter usually normal peristalsis, early high sometimes seen in high; (3 ) Expansion of ureter emptying delay; (4) no vesicoureteral reflux; (5) the X-ray contrast examination of the disease should be used high-dose intravenous urography, angiography early release of the abdominal pressure zone, increase delay radiography, and add According to the oblique point of the bladder film, to enhance dynamic observation. Conclusions: X-ray urography is one of the most suitable methods for the diagnosis, follow-up and postoperative efficacy observation of giant ureteral congenital disease