对于无法从膳食中获取足够叶酸的育龄妇女,孕前和孕期补充小剂量叶酸(400μg/d)对预防神经管畸形的发生是有效的,也是安全的。但是在面粉中强化叶酸的全民补充政策虽然使育龄妇女受益,但可能会损害老年人的认知能力,增加部分人患癌症的风险,因此,叶酸补充的人群健康效应需要更加深入和广泛的研究。 For women of childbearing age who are unable to get enough folic acid from their diet, supplementing small doses of folic acid (400 μg / d) during pregnancy and before pregnancy is effective and safe for the prevention of neural tube defects. However, the policy of supplementing people with folic acid fortification in flour, although benefiting women of childbearing age, may impair the cognitive ability of the elderly and increase the risk of cancer in some people. Therefore, the health effects of folic acid supplementation need further and extensive research .