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目的分析宝安区居民的脑卒中危险因素认知水平及来源,为有针对性地开展脑卒中的防治工作提供依据。方法选取2014年11-12月深圳市宝安区桃源、流塘社区所有40岁及以上的常住居民(常住时间为全年经常在家或在家居住6个月以上)为研究对象。依据是否确诊为脑卒中,将被调查居民分为患者组和非患者组。对2个社区所有符合条件的4 690名居民进行脑卒中筛查的同时,进行危险因素认识及知识来源的调查,用SPSS 19.0软件对不同风险水平居民的危险因素认知水平进行χ~2检验。结果被调查居民中,脑卒中患者76例(1.90%),高危居民647名(16.46%),随着年龄的增长,脑卒中的患病率及高危人群比例均呈逐渐增高的趋势(χ~2值分别为62.69、83.10,P<0.01);558名自认为高危的居民中,经评估后实际高危的有201名(36.02%);居民对3种及以上危险因素有正确认识的比例为28.11%,患者组为42.11%,明显高于非患者组(27.84%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.51,P<0.01);居民对脑卒中风险知识的来源排在前3位为家属(65.33%)、电视广播(39.42%)、医务人员(28.16%),有4.17%的居民从未接触过脑卒中风险有关的知识;居民最希望获取相关知识的途径排前3位为:医务人员(90.59%)、家属(80.28%)、书籍报刊海报(78.06%)。结论建议将吸烟、体重、运动、糖尿病等健康行为或因素的健康教育与脑卒中相关知识进行关联教育,提高健康教育的效果;医务人员应加强对居民脑卒中风险的健康教育,尤其是对高危人群。
Objective To analyze the cognition level and source of stroke risk factors among residents in Bao’an District, and to provide basis for prevention and control of stroke. Methods From November to December 2014, all residents aged 40 and above living in Taoyuan and Liuutang communities in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City for more than 6 months were selected as their permanent residents. According to whether the diagnosis of stroke, will be surveyed residents were divided into patient group and non-patient group. Meanwhile, we conducted a survey of risk factors and sources of knowledge for all eligible 4,690 residents in 2 communities. SPSS 19.0 software was used to test the cognition of risk factors among residents with different risk levels. . Results Among the residents surveyed, 76 (1.90%) were stroke, and 647 (16.46%) were high risk. With the increase of age, the prevalence of stroke and the proportion of high risk groups showed an increasing trend (χ ~ 2 values were 62.69,83.10, P <0.01). Among the 558 residents who considered themselves as high risk, 201 (36.02%) were actually at high risk after assessment. Residents had a correct understanding of risk factors of 3 or more 28.11% of the patients were 42.11%, significantly higher than those of the non-patients (27.84%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 7.51, P <0.01) (65.33%), TVB (39.42%), medical staff (28.16%), 4.17% of the residents had never been exposed to the risk of stroke. The most popular way for residents to obtain relevant knowledge was : Medical staff (90.59%), relatives (80.28%), books and newspapers posters (78.06%). Conclusions It is suggested to link education on health education related to health behaviors or factors such as smoking, weight, exercise and diabetes with stroke-related knowledge so as to improve the effect of health education. Medical staff should strengthen their health education on residents’ stroke risk, especially for high risk crowd.