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目的分析西安市手足口病的流行和发展趋势,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对西安市2008—2011年手足口病疫情资料进行分析。结果西安市2008—2011年累计报告手足口病56 227例,年均报告发病率为177.51/10万;死亡13例,年均病死率为0.023%;4年累计报告重症病例362例,重症率0.64%;EV71病毒感染占51.71%。4—7月为手足口病高发季节,发病数占发病总数的71.13%;0～5岁为高发年龄,发病数占发病总数的94.97%;病例以散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,占发病总数的96.89%。男性年均报告发病率为207.83/10万;女性为145.42/10万;男性发病高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。居发病率前3位的是城乡接合部的未央区、雁塔区和长安区,年均发病率分别为287.94/10万、229.53/10万和195.36/10万。结论西安市手足口病具有明显的春夏季高发特点,5岁以下儿童为手足口病高危人群,城乡接合部为高发地区。应重点加强托幼机构手足口病的预防控制工作,加大农村地区的健康教育和卫生宣传,有效控制手足口病的暴发流行。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and development trend of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xi’an and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xi’an from 2008 to 2011. Results A total of 56 227 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Xi’an from 2008 to 2011, with an average annual incidence of 177.51 / 100 000; 13 deaths, with an average annual case-fatality rate of 0.023%; a total of 362 severe cases 0.64%; EV71 virus infection accounted for 51.71%. The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in April-July was high, accounting for 71.13% of the total number of cases. The age of 0-5 was the highest, accounting for 94.97% of the total. The cases were mainly diathesis children and nursery children, 96.89% of the total. The average annual incidence of men was 207.83 / 100000; 145.42 / 100000 women; men than women, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The top three incidence rates were the Weiyang District, Yanta District and Chang’an District, the junction of urban and rural areas. The annual average incidence rates were 287.94 / 100,000, 229.53 / 100,000 and 195.36 / 100,000 respectively. Conclusion Hand, foot and mouth disease in Xi’an has obvious characteristics of high incidence in spring and summer. Children under 5 years of age are at high risk of hand-foot-mouth disease, and urban-rural junction is a high incidence area. Should focus on strengthening nurseries hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and control work, increase rural health education and publicity to effectively control the outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease.