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目的 调查云南省多民族地区7～12岁学龄儿童弱视的患病率及影响因素.方法 采用横断面研究,选取云南省少数民族较集中的五个县,每个县随机抽取6所小学,检查包括裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度、眼位等,最后将符合标准的24296名7～12岁学生纳入研究,对弱视的患病率进行分析,Logistic回归分析影响因素.结果 云南多民族地区7～12岁儿童弱视患病率为0.86％,屈光性弱视占87.02％;弱视患病率在性别、年龄和地区之间无差异性(P＞0.05),在民族间有差异性(P＜0.05);弱视患病风险(OR值)随近视或远视屈光度增加而增大(P＜0.05);屈光参差≥1.0D是弱视的危险因素(OR=4.87,95％CI:3.19～7.44).结论 云南多民族地区7～12岁儿童弱视患病率偏低与当地低近视率有关;近视、远视、屈光参差是弱视的危险因素;弱视发生的危险性随近视、远视的屈光度、屈光参差程度的增加而加大.“,”Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of amblyopia in school children aged 7~12 years in multi-ethnic areas of yunnan province. Methods Using cross-sectional study, the selection of ethnic minorities in yunnan province relatively concentrated five counties，each county randomly selected 6 primary school, including uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity，best corrected visual, diopter, eye position, etc. Finally, 24, 296 students aged 7~12 who met the criteria were included in the study, to analyze the prevalence of amblyopia, and Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors. Results Prevalence of amblyopia in children aged 7~12 years in multi-ethnic areas of yunnan is 0. 86% (refractive amblyopia accounts for 87. 02%);There was no difference in prevalence of amblyopia among genders, ages and regions (P>0.05)，but there was difference among nationalities (P<0.05). The risk of amblyopia(OR value) increased with the increase of myopia or hyperopia (P<0. 05);Anisometropia≥1.0 D was a risk factor for amblyopia (OR=4. 87，95% CI:3.19~7.44). Conclusion The low prevalence of amblyopia in children aged 7~12 in multi-ethnic areas of yunnan is related to the low myopia rate; Myopia, hyperopia and anisometropia are risk factors for amblyopia; The risk of amblyopia increases with the increase of myopia, hyperopia and anisometropia.