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选取4只子宫蓄脓的小型犬，分别取其阴道样品和粪便样品，采用聚合酶链式反应–变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR–DGGE)技术，回收共性及特异性条带进行克隆测序，分析小型犬蓄脓子宫摘除对其阴道及粪便菌群结构的影响。结果显示：在摘除患犬子宫的前1天、摘除子宫后治疗第1天和第2天，患犬阴道菌群的多样性指数分别为3.22、3.35、3.05，均匀度分别为0.88、0.92、0.83，丰富度分别为25.0、28.50、21.25，均呈先增加后降低的趋势，而粪便菌群只有丰富度呈先增加后降低的趋势；大肠杆菌、假单胞菌是阴道和粪便的共同优势菌群，红球菌是共有的特异性细菌，而葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌是阴道的特有细菌，不动杆菌是粪便的特有细菌。结果表明，小型犬蓄脓子宫摘除对阴道菌群结构影响较大，阴道内的大肠杆菌及假单胞菌可能源于粪便。“,”Four small canines, suffered from pyometra, were employed to test the effects of uterus extirpation on the microbial community structure in their vagina and feces. The recycled common and specific bands derived from samples in vagina and feces were sequenced and cloned by adopting polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) technologies. The results showed that the diversity index, evenness and richness of flora in vagina were 3.22, 3.35 and 3.05, respectively before the extirpation; they were 0.88, 0.92, and 0.83 respectively after the first extirpation day and 25.0, 28.50, and 21.25 respectively after the second extirpation day, which showed an decrease at first, and then increase at the second day. To the flora that in feces, on the contrast, only the richness showed the same tendency. Escherichia coli andPseudomonaswere the dominant flora both in vagina and feces,Rhodococcus presented in specific both in vagina and feces, whileStaphylococcusand Aeromonas hydrophilapresented specific only in vagina, and Acinetobacterwere specific in feces. All the results indicated that uterus extirpation exerted a great impact on microbial community structure in vagina,Escherichia coliandPseudomonasin vagina might be derived from feces.