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为阐明施肥对大豆根系生长和结瘤性状的影响,以中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位施肥试验为平台,研究了施用不同种类肥料(NPK、NPKM、NK、NP和PK)对大豆根系特征和根瘤性状的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理大豆根长、根表面积和根体积变化趋势相似,均在结荚期出现峰值。NPK和NP处理的根长和根表面积比其它施肥处理大,而平均根直径仅小于NPKM处理,与其它处理间差异不显著。大豆根干重呈单峰曲线变化,各施肥处理间差异不大。根冠比在五叶期最大,各施肥处理间根冠比的差异主要在鼓粒期之前表现出来,从鼓粒期开始,处理间没有显著差异,从五叶期到鼓粒期,CK和PK处理根冠比较NPK处理低。供给充足氮的NK处理,根瘤数最少,根瘤干重增长速率最慢,PK处理根瘤数和根瘤干重最大。由此推断,氮肥能促进大豆地下部生长,充足的氮素抑制根瘤原基发育成根瘤,进一步抑制根瘤的生长。
In order to clarify the effects of fertilization on the growth and nodulation traits of soybean roots, the long-term fertilization experiment of Helen Agro-Ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences was used as a platform to study the effects of different types of fertilizers (NPK, NPKM, NK, NP and PK) And nodulation traits. The results showed that the root length, root surface area and root volume of soybean were similar in all fertilization treatments, and all had the peak value during the podding stage. The root length and the root surface area of NPK and NP treatments were larger than those of other fertilization treatments, but the average root diameter was only smaller than that of NPKM treatment, which was not significantly different from other treatments. Soybean root dry weight showed a single peak curve changes, the difference between the various fertilization treatments. The root-shoot ratio was the largest in the five-leaf stage. The difference in root-shoot ratio among different fertilization treatments was mainly observed before the drumming stage. There was no significant difference between the two treatments. From the five-leaf stage to the boll stage, PK treatment of root crown compared NPK treatment is low. The NK treatment with adequate nitrogen had the least number of nodules, the slowest growth rate of nodule dry weight, and the maximum number of root nodules and root nodules treated by PK. It can be inferred that nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of soybean underground, adequate nitrogen inhibits the development of root nodules nodules, and further inhibit the growth of nodules.