一、前言近年来,断裂力学取得了显著的进步,正在由线性断裂力学向非线性断裂力学扩展其领域。线性断裂力学作为一门科学似乎大体上已臻于完善。在实际应用方面,线性断裂力学主要用于同原子能有关的压力容器的设计及其材料评定等的场合。线性断裂力学不仅在原子能方面,就是在化学和石油化学等大型装置上也有其应用之处;不仅在设计或材料评定方面,就是在检查安全性方面也很有必要。遗憾的是,它在这些方面的应用还很难说是普遍的。压力容器的破坏事故分 I. Introduction In recent years, fracture mechanics has made significant progress, is from the linear fracture mechanics to the field of nonlinear fracture mechanics to expand its field. As a science, linear fracture mechanics seem to have been largely completed. In practical application, linear fracture mechanics is mainly used in the design of pressure vessels related to atomic energy and material evaluation. Linear fracture mechanics has its applications not only in atomic energy, but also in large installations such as chemical and petrochemicals; not only in terms of design or material evaluation, but also in checking safety. Unfortunately, its use in these areas is hard to say universal. Pressure vessel damage accident points