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由新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心提供的1977—2006年吐鲁番气象资料统计得知:近29年气候有变暖趋势,线性变暖速率为每10年0.72℃,29年来吐鲁番地区年平均气温共上升2.06℃。结合吐鲁番沙漠植物园沙拐枣属植物的物候观测积累资料,分析了4个组的芽膨胀、开始展叶、同化枝开始变色、同化枝初落的时间变化趋势及其与温度变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1977年以来,沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物刺果组(Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr)物候期最晚;同化枝开始变色为泡果组(Sect.Calliphysa(Fisch.et Mey.)Borszcz)晚于翅果组;其他3种物候期中,泡果组物候期最早,基翅组(Sect.Calligonum)和翅果组(Sect.Pterococcus(Pall.)Borszcz)均居中。4个组的芽膨胀和开始展叶时间大部分呈提前趋势,同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间呈推后趋势。(2)4个组的芽膨胀与年平均气温、春季气温呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。年平均气温每升高1℃,泡果组、刺果组、基翅组、翅果组的芽膨胀时间分别提前4.5d、4.3d、4.1d、8.3d;同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间变化不明显。芽膨胀对温度变化的响应程度显著大于同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落。
Statistics from the Turfan Meteorological Data from 1977 to 2006 provided by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Information Center show that the climate has a warming trend in recent 29 years and the linear warming rate is 0.72 ℃ every 10 years. The average annual temperature in Turpan increased by 2.06 in 29 years ℃. According to the accumulated data of phenological observation of Turia jujuba in the Turpan Desert Botanical Garden, the temporal change tendency of the buds in four groups and their response to temperature changes were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The phenological period of Calligonum L. plant Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr was the latest since 1977; the assimilation branch began to change color to the Sect.Calliphysa ( Fisch.et Mey.) Borszcz) was later than that in the group of Samara, and the phenophase was the earliest in the other three phenophases. Both Sect.Calligonum and Sect.Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz Center. Most of the buds of 4 groups began to expand and started to show leaves earlier, and the color of the branches started to change and the initial setting time of the branches began to decline. (2) There was a significant negative correlation (P <0.05) between buds expansion of four groups and annual mean temperature and spring temperature. When the annual average temperature was increased by 1 ℃, the shoot expansion time in the fruit-bearing fruit group, the fruit-bearing fruit group, the base-wing fruit group and the fruit-wing fruit group increased 4.5d, 4.3d, 4.1d and 8.3d, respectively; Change over time is not obvious. Bud swelling on the response to temperature changes was significantly greater than the beginning of the assimilation branch discoloration and assimilation of early fall.