结合不同时期美国政府开发落后地区的典型个案,按政府开发投资实施方式的不同,可以把政府开发落后地区的投资模式概括为三种。一是土地资源投资模式。政府以公共土地为资本,使移民和企业成为西部开发的主体,促使先进技术与西部资源相结合,西部完成交通革命和农业革命。二是国有企业投资模式。国会拨款设立国有企业,综合开发田纳西河流域资源,直接参与生产经营,追求企业效益最大化,呈现国有企业一枝独秀,难以吸引地区内外生产要素参与开发活动。三是基础设施投资模式。政府在阿巴拉契亚地区投资建设各类基础设施,营造地区发展环境优势,吸引外部生产要素向地区聚集,成功走上自我聚集扩张的发展道路。政府开发投资方式及政策推动外部资金、技术和人才与地区资源的结合程度决定着开发效果。 Combined with the typical cases of the U.S. government in different regions in the development of backward areas, we can sum up the investment patterns of the backward areas in government development according to the different modes of government development and investment. First, land resources investment model. The government uses public land as capital to make immigrants and enterprises the main body of western development and to promote the integration of advanced technologies with the resources of the western region and complete the traffic and agricultural revolutions in the west. Second, the investment model of state-owned enterprises. The congress allocated funds to set up state-owned enterprises, comprehensively developed the resources of the Tennessee River Basin, directly participated in the production and management, and pursued the maximization of the profitability of enterprises. This shows that state-owned enterprises are thriving and difficult to attract domestic and foreign factors of production to participate in development activities. Third, infrastructure investment model. The government invests in various types of infrastructure in the Appalachian region to create the advantages of regional development and environment, to attract external factors of production to gather in the region and to embark on a path of development where self-aggregation and expansion have taken place. Government development and investment methods and policies to promote the combination of external funds, technology and human resources and regional resources determine the development effect.