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[目的]了解闽西矿区尘肺发病情况及特点,为职业健康监护体系制定尘肺病预防策略提供依据。[方法]对2005～2011年龙岩市确诊的尘肺病例资料进行分析。[结果]闽西矿区2005～2011年累计有尘肺病人587例。其中,新发病例占76.49%,晋期病例占23.51%;Ⅰ期尘肺占68.48%,Ⅱ期尘肺占24.02%,Ⅲ期尘肺占7.50%;矽肺占21.12%,煤工尘肺占78.88%;煤炭开采与洗选业占97.10%,其他行业占2.90%。新发尘肺病例2005～2011年确诊的分别占14.92%、1.11%、20.04%、1.56%、37.42%、10.69%、14.25%。晋期病例2005～2011年晋期的分别占27.54%、0.72%、17.39%、1.45%、47.83%、5.07%、6.52%。尘肺病例的开始接尘年龄为23.56±6.01岁,发病工龄为26.81±11.92年,发病年龄为50.37±10.97岁。开始接尘年龄其他行业病例大于煤炭开采与洗选业病例,发病工龄其他行业病例小于煤炭开采与洗选业病例,病例的发病年龄其他行业小于煤炭开采与洗选业,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。病例的开始接尘年龄、发病工龄和发病年龄,矽肺均大于煤工尘肺(P<0.05或<0.01),Ⅰ期尘肺、Ⅱ期尘肺、Ⅲ期尘肺之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。尘肺病例肺结核合并率为3.07%。[结论]闽西矿区尘肺发病情况严重。
[Objective] To understand the incidence and characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Minxi mining area and provide basis for the development of pneumoconiosis prevention strategy in occupational health monitoring system. [Method] The data of pneumoconiosis diagnosed from 2005 to 2011 in Longyan City were analyzed. [Result] There were 587 pneumoconiosis patients in Minxi mining area from 2005 to 2011. Among them, the newly diagnosed cases accounted for 76.49%, Jin cases accounted for 23.51%; stage pneumoconiosis accounted for 68.48%, Ⅱ pneumoconiosis accounted for 24.02%, Ⅲ pneumoconiosis accounted for 7.50%; silicosis accounted for 21.12%, coal workers pneumoconiosis accounted for 78.88%; coal Mining and washing industry accounted for 97.10%, other industries accounted for 2.90%. The newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases from 2005 to 2011 were 14.92%, 1.11%, 20.04%, 1.56%, 37.42%, 10.69% and 14.25% respectively. Jin cases from 2005 to 2011 accounted for 27.54%, 0.72%, 17.39%, 1.45%, 47.83%, 5.07% and 6.52% respectively. The onset of dust pneumoconiosis was 23.56 ± 6.01 years of age, and the length of service was 26.81 ± 11.92 years. The age of onset was 50.37 ± 10.97 years. The cases of other industries starting to catch the dust are larger than those in the coal mining and dressing industry. The cases of other occupational diseases with a shorter service life are smaller than the cases of the coal mining and washing industry. The age of onset of cases is smaller than that of coal mining and dressing industries with statistically significant differences (P <0.01). The onset age of patients, age of onset and age of onset were significantly higher than those of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (P <0.05 or <0.01), stage I pneumoconiosis, stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis and stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis (P <0.01). Pulmonary tuberculosis cases combined rate was 3.07%. [Conclusion] The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Minxi mining area was serious.