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目的:了解精神科医院感染的特点,调查分析精神科医院感染相关因素,以利于制定相应的措施降低医院感染发生率。方法:对自贡市第五人民医院2005年1月~2007年12月住院精神科病历采用回顾性调查分析。结果:总计5486例精神科住院病人发生医院感染224例次,医院感染率为4.08%,各年份医院感染率无显著变化(χ2=0.397,P>0.05);感染部位以上呼吸道(37.90%)、消化道(21.40%)、泌尿道(17.80%)、下呼吸道(8.90%)和皮肤软组织(8.04%)为主;精神科男病区医院感染率(3.17%)与精神科女病区医院感染率(3.49%)无显著区别(χ2=0.344,P>0.05),精神科老年病区医院感染率(7.23%)高于精神科男病区与女病区,有显著性差异(χ2=34.22,P<0.05);精神科医院感染病原菌构成比位居前3位的依次是金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希杆菌、真菌;乙肝病毒也是主要的病原菌之一(4.02%),位居病原菌构成比第7位。结论:精神科医院感染有别于一般综合性医院的特点,必须根据这些特点制订特别的预防医院感染的规定和流程,减少医院感染的发生。
Objective: To understand the characteristics of psychiatric hospital infection, investigation and analysis of psychiatric hospital infection-related factors in order to facilitate the development of appropriate measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Methods: A retrospective investigation was made on the inpatient psychiatric records of the Fifth People ’s Hospital of Zigong City from January 2005 to December 2007. Results: A total of 5486 inpatients with psychiatric inpatients suffered from nosocomial infections in 224 cases and the hospital infection rate was 4.08%. There was no significant change in the nosocomial infection rate in each year (χ2 = 0.397, P> 0.05). The upper respiratory tract (37.90% (21.40%), urinary tract (17.80%), lower respiratory tract (8.90%) and skin and soft tissue (8.04%). The rate of nosocomial infection in psychiatric male ward (3.17%) and nosocomial infection (Χ2 = 0.344, P> 0.05). The rate of hospital infection in psychiatric geriatric ward (7.23%) was higher than that in psychiatric ward and male ward (χ2 = 34.22 , P <0.05). Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungi were the most common pathogens in psychiatric hospitals. Among them, hepatitis B virus was also one of the major pathogens (4.02%), Than the seventh place. Conclusion: Psychiatric hospital infection is different from the general characteristics of general hospitals. It is necessary to formulate special regulations and procedures to prevent nosocomial infections according to these characteristics so as to reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections.