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台湾岛位于欧亚板块前沿,它是欧亚板块与太平洋板块碰撞的结果。经过中生代末期—新生代初期的太平洋运动之后,中生界地层褶皱成陆地,台湾作为一个岛屿一直存在至今。 埔里运动之后,台湾岛西部及海峡区开始沉降,沉积了巨厚的中新世地层。中新世中、晚期,由南方侵入的海水淹没了整个海峡区。海峡区的沉积中心在澎湖列岛之西、南,即西部盆地和南部盆地,这两个盆地沉积厚度都在2000米以上。中新世地层大多属三角洲相沉积,其有机质地球化学指标、有机质含量及成熟度等均显示出由台湾岛陆上向海上变好的趋势。
Taiwan Island is located at the forefront of the Eurasian Plate, which is the result of the collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate. After the Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic Pacific movement, the Mesozoic stratigraphic fold into land, Taiwan as an island has been present. After the Puli movement, the western part of Taiwan Island and the Strait area started to settle down, depositing huge Miocene strata. In the middle and late Miocene, seawater invaded by the South overwhelmed the whole of the Straits. The depositional center of the strait area lies in the west and south of the Penghu archipelago, namely, the western basin and the southern basin, both of which have a sedimentary thickness of more than 2,000 meters. Most of the Miocene strata are deltaic facies, and their organic geochemical indicators, organic matter content, and maturity all show a tendency of getting better offshore from Taiwan Island to the sea.