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目的探讨医务人员发生职业暴露的高危因素及正确的防护措施。方法对某中心2005年1月~2012年6月期间发生的54例医务人员职业暴露进行回顾性分析。结果 54例职业暴露中,按年龄划分,20~30岁的医务人员占64.8%(35/54),其他年龄段占35.2%(19/54);按职业划分,护士占66.7%(36/54),其他职业占33.3%(18/54);按临床科室划分,外科医务人员占48.1%(26/54),其他科室占51.9%(28/54)。医务人员发生职业暴露操作环节的前3位分别是锐器处置不当占29.6%(16/54),手术操作占27.8%(15/54),动静脉穿刺占24.1%(13/54)。结论20~30岁的医务人员、护士、外科医务人员均是职业暴露的高危人群。医务人员应重视在日常工作中采取标准预防,养成良好的操作习惯,以降低职业暴露的发生率。
Objective To explore the high risk factors of occupational exposure to medical personnel and the correct protective measures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the occupational exposure of 54 medical workers in a center from January 2005 to June 2012. Results Among the 54 occupational exposures, 64.8% (35/54) were medical workers aged from 20 to 35, and 35.2% (19/54) were other age groups. According to occupations, nurses accounted for 66.7% (36 / 54). Other occupations accounted for 33.3% (18/54). According to the clinical departments, surgical staff accounted for 48.1% (26/54) and other departments accounted for 51.9% (28/54). Occupational exposure of medical staff in the first three were respectively improper disposal of sharps 29.6% (16/54), surgical operation accounted for 27.8% (15/54), arteriovenous puncture accounted for 24.1% (13/54). Conclusion Medical staff, nurses and surgical staff aged 20-30 years are all at high risk of occupational exposure. Medical staff should pay attention to taking standard precautions in their daily work and develop good operating habits to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure.