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目的了解福州市儿童青少年高血压检出率情况并探讨其影响因素,为今后开展健康教育提供基础数据。方法于2014年采用整群分层随机抽样方法抽取福州市仓山区中等层次的3所小学、3所初中、2所高中、1所职高,每个学校各年级各随机抽取一个班,对6~17岁的1371人进行面对面问卷调查与体检(血压、身高、体质量、腰围和心率)。结果福州市6~17岁儿童青少年高血压检出率为8.5%,与12~17岁男生比较,6~11岁男、女生和12~17岁女生高血压检出率较低(7.0%、8.7%和7.7%比11.5%;均P<0.05);与正常血压组比较,6~11岁男、女生高血压组和12~17岁男生高血压组的体质量指数、腰围显著升高[(21.8±4.0)比(18.4±3.1)kg/m2,(73.7±11.4)比(63.2±8.5)cm;(19.8±3.5)比(17.1±3.0)kg/m2,(66.3±8.2)比(59.5±7.1)cm;(22.6±3.6)比(20.4±3.1)kg/m2,(76.6±9.5)比(70.7±8.4)cm;均P<0.01];在校正年龄、性别因素后,男女生在6~11岁和12~17岁体质量指数、腰围与收缩压、舒张压仍呈正相关[偏相关系数(r)分别为0.431、0.320和0.457、0.333(6~11岁男生);0.310、0.231和0.390、0.259(6~11岁女生);0.316、0.172和0.350、0.225(12~17岁男生);0.279、0.187和0.286、0.219(12~17岁女生);均P<0.05];多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,腰围(异常)、体质量指数(肥胖)、主食>3份/d、肉类>2份/d、玩手机时间≥3.5h/周、看电视时间≥14h/周、玩电脑/平板时间≥7h/周与高血压呈正相关,蔬菜≥2份/d、水果>3份/d、乳类≥1份/d、户外活动时间≥7h/周、步行上学时间≥3.5h/周与高血压呈负相关。结论福州市儿童青少年高血压检出率男生高于女生、青少年组高于儿童组;肥胖、腰围超标、生活方式是高血压的重要影响因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents in Fuzhou and explore its influencing factors so as to provide basic data for health education in future. Methods In 2014, stratified stratified random sampling method was used to select three elementary schools, three junior high schools, two high schools and one vocational high school in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City. Each grade was randomly selected one class for each grade, The 1771-year-old, 1371 people conducted face-to-face questionnaires and physical exams (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference and heart rate). Results The detection rate of hypertension among adolescent children aged 6-17 in Fuzhou was 8.5%. Compared with boys aged 12-17, the detection rate of hypertension in males and females aged 6-11 and 12-17 years old was lower (7.0% 8.7% vs 7.7% vs 11.5%, respectively; all P <0.05). Compared with normotensive group, the body mass index and waist circumference in hypertension group and boys aged 12 ~ 17 years old in 6 ~ 11 years old group were significantly increased [ (21.8 ± 4.0) vs (18.4 ± 3.1) kg / m2, (73.7 ± 11.4) vs (63.2 ± 8.5) cm; (19.8 ± 3.5) vs (17.1 ± 3.0) kg / m2 vs (66.3 ± 8.2) (22.6 ± 3.6) vs (20.4 ± 3.1) kg / m2, (76.6 ± 9.5) vs. (70.7 ± 8.4) cm, all P <0.01]. After adjusting for age and gender, There was a positive correlation between body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 6-11 and 12-17 years old (partial correlation coefficients (r) were 0.431,0.320 and 0.457,0.333 (boys aged 6-11; 0.310 , 0.231 and 0.390,0.259 (6 to 11 years old girls); 0.316,0.172 and 0.350,0.225 (12 to 17 years old boys); 0.279,0.187 and 0.286,0.219 (12 to 17 years old girls); all P <0.05]; Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that waist circumference (abnormality), body mass index (obesity), staple food> 3 servings / day, meat> 2 servings / day, mobile phone time≥3.5h / Depending on time ≥14h / week, playing computer / tablet time ≥7h / week was positively correlated with hypertension, vegetables ≥2parts / d, fruit> 3parts / d, milk≥1parts / d, outdoor activity time≥7h / Weeks, walking to school time ≥ 3.5h / week was negatively correlated with hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents in Fuzhou is higher than that in girls, and in adolescents and adolescents is higher than that in children. Obesity, excessive waist circumference and lifestyle are the important influencing factors of hypertension.