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水资源问题将成为21世纪人类面临的最重要的自然资源问题,水资源危机将会是世界各国经济发展面临的“瓶颈”问题。随着30年来经济社会的快速发展,中国的水资源短缺、水环境恶化、洪涝灾害等水问题也日益突出。为满足经济社会快速发展的需要,在水资源开发利用方式,水资源管理上必须要有新的转变和大的突破。本研究在分析了中国水资源现状特点的基础上,引入水足迹等人类影响指标,结合水生态系统服务功能,面状与线状结合,综合运用地理要素,初步对全国水流域进行水生态功能分区。试图为实现水资源的科学管理,维护国家水资源安全,揭示水生态系统健康状况与演变趋势,制定流域水生态系统保护和恢复策略,支撑国家水环境管理理念的转变提供相关理论支持。
The issue of water resources will become the most important issue of natural resources for mankind in the 21st century. The crisis of water resources will be a bottleneck facing the economic development of all countries in the world. With the rapid economic and social development in the past 30 years, water shortage in China, deteriorating water environment and flooding have become increasingly prominent. In order to meet the needs of rapid economic and social development, new changes and major breakthroughs must be made in the ways of water resources development and utilization and water resources management. Based on the analysis of the status quo of water resources in China, this paper introduces human impact indicators such as water footprint, combined with the service functions of water ecosystem, the combination of surface and line, Partition. Attempts to provide theoretical support for achieving scientific management of water resources, safeguarding national water resources, revealing the health status and evolution trend of aquatic ecosystems, formulating strategies for the protection and recovery of aquatic ecosystem in the basin, and supporting the transition of national water environment management concepts.