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目的:探讨染色体数目为近二倍体神经母细胞瘤(NB)患儿的临床特征、治疗效果及预后。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的通过常规G显带技术检测骨髓染色体为近二倍体NB患儿的一般临床特征(包括年龄、性别、危险度分组、原发瘤灶部位等)、实验室检查结果、治疗和近期预后情况，采用n Kaplan-n Meier法计算生存率，单因素分析采用n Log-n Rank检验，多因素分析采用n Cox回归模型分析。n 结果:共纳入43例符合诊断患儿的临床资料，其中男27例，女16例；亚二倍体组14例，超二倍体组29例；中位年龄35.5个月。43例患儿均为国际神经母细瘤分期系统(INSS)Ⅳ期高危组，原发瘤灶多位于腹膜后肾上腺区域(83.7%，36/43例)，瘤灶最大直径多>10 cm(53.5%，23/43例)，且就诊时常伴2个及以上部位转移。染色体核型方面，14例亚二倍体组患儿染色体核型为41～45条，以45条染色体核型最多见，共9例(64.3%)；29例超二倍体组患儿中，以47条染色体核型多见，共11例(37.9%)。肿瘤标志物：41例(95.3%)患儿初诊时神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)升高，25例(58.1%)>370 μg/L；42例(97.7%)患儿乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高，亚二倍体组患儿LDH均>500 U/L，其中1例>10 000 U/L。荧光原位杂交(FISH)方法检测n MYCN基因9例(20.9%)扩增。治疗及预后情况：43例患儿化疗总疗程为1～12个疗程；19(44.2%)例患儿进行了自体造血干细胞移植，21例(46.5%)患儿进行术后或自体移植后放疗或间位碘代苄胍治疗；28例患儿出现疾病的进展或复发，中位进展时间为13.8个月，15例(34.9%)死亡。亚二倍体组14例患儿中位随访时间14.9个月(2～38个月)，12例出现进展或复发，7例死亡。超二倍体组29例患儿中位随访20.0个月(8.1～51.6个月)，其中16例进展或复发，8例死亡。n Kaplan-n Meier生存率分析显示，43例患儿3年预计无事件生存(EFS)率为18.4%，其中亚二倍体组17.1%，超二倍体组29.8%。n 结论:近二倍体NB患儿多为年龄18个月以上的Ⅳ期高危组患儿，就诊时均有2个及以上部位转移，3年预计EFS率为18.4%，其中亚二倍体组预后更差。“,”Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment effect and prognosis of children with nearly diploid neuroblastoma (NB).Methods:A retrospective analysis of the general clinical characteristics (including age, Gender, risk grouping, location of primary tumor, etc.), laboratory test results, treatment and recent prognosis of NB children with nearly diploidy in bone marrow chromosomes by G-banding technology who admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018.n Kaplan-n Meier method was adopted to calculate survival rate.Univariate analysis was performed using n Log-n Rank test, and multivariate analysis was conducted with n Cox regression model.n Results:A total of 43 patients, including 27 males and 16 females, with diagnosis were included, with 14 cases in the hypodiploid group and 29 cases in the hyperdiploid group, and the median age was 35.5 months.The 43 children were all in the high-risk group of International Neuroblastoma Staging System(INSS)-Ⅳ.The primary tumors were mainly located in the retroperitoneal adrenal region (83.7%, 36/43 cases). The largest diameter of the tumors was more than 10 cm (53.5%, 23/43 cases), and often accompanied by 2 or more metastases at the time of consultation.In terms of chromosome karyotype and chromosome karyotype of 14 children in the hypodiploid group was 41-45, the most common karyotype was 45 chromosomes[9 cases(64.3%)]. Among 29 children in the hyperdiploid group of the 47 chromosome karyotypes, 11 cases were common (37.9%). Tumor markers were as follows: neuron enolase (NSE) increased in 41 cases children (95.3%) at first diagnosis, and 25 cases (58.1%)> 370 μg/L; 42 cases (97.7%)had lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The LDH of children in the hypodiploid group was all> 500 U/L, with 1 case was> 10 000 U/L.Nine cases (20.9%) ofn MYCN gene were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Treatment and prognosis: the total course of chemotherapy for 43 patients was 1-12, 19(44.2%) patients received autologous stem cell transplantation, 21 patients (46.5%) received postoperative or autologous radiotherapy or metaiodobenzylguanidine treatment, 28 children developed or relapsed with a median duration of 13.8 months, and 15 cases (34.9%) died.The median follow-up time of the 14 children in the hypodiploid group was 14.9 months (2-38 months), 12 cases progressed or relapsed, and 7 died.The median follow-up of 29 children in the hyperdiploid group was 20.0 months (8.1-51.6 months), with 16 patients progressed or relapsed and 8 cases died.n Kaplan-n Meier survival analysis illustrated that the 3-year projected event free survival (EFS) rate of 43 children was 18.4%, of which 17.1% were in the hypodiploid group and 29.8% in the hyperdiploid group.n Conclusions:Preliminary analysis reveals that children with nearly diploid NB are mostly in the stage Ⅳ high-risk group over the age of 18 months, and 2 or more metastases at the time of consultation.The 3-year estimated EFS of 43 children was 18.4%, and the prognosis was worse in the hypodiploid group.