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静脉注射可乐定引起大鼠血压降低和心率减慢。此效应可被α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明所对抗。预先腹腔注射大剂量阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮或静脉注射强啡肽抗体可以部分阻断可乐定的降压效应。静脉注射可乐定可以引起大鼠尿量显著增加,该效应也可被大剂量的纳洛酮所阻断。静脉注射可乐定引起明显的心钠素释放,这一作用可被α受体阻断剂所完全对抗,亦可被阿片受体阻断剂所部分阻断。以上结果说明强啡肽与心钠素可能参与可乐定的降压利尿作用。
Intravenous clonidine causes a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in rats. This effect can be antagonized by the alpha receptor blocker phentolamine. Pre-ip injection of high-dose naloxone, an opioid receptor blocker, or intravenous injection of dynorphin antibody partially blocked the antihypertensive effects of clonidine. Intravenous clonidine causes a significant increase in urinary output in rats, which is also blocked by high doses of naloxone. Intravenous clonidine causes a significant release of atrial natriuretic peptide, a function that is completely antagonized by alpha blockers and partially blocked by opioid blockers. These results suggest that dynorphin and atrial natriuretic peptide may be involved in the antihypertensive effect of clonidine.