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工商资本大规模下乡经营农地源于农业产业链整体上利润较高、政府政策大力扶持与现代农业发展对资本的需求等外部动力,也包含资本的逐利性、抢先拥有农业资源与工商资本存量大等内部动力,其具体方式包括直接进入方式与间接进入方式,同时也规定了其具体准入领域。工商资本下乡能来带规模经济效应、知识溢出效应与社会组织效应,又会产生投资的盲目性、非粮化与非农化倾向、增加农民风险以及土地流转关系不稳定等问题。为此,应当从构建以家庭农场为企业的组织形式、建立严格的准入机制、实行风险保证金、租金预付制度与工商资本下乡投保制等风险保障制度以及加强监管制度等方面,探索工商资本下乡经营农地的法律规制。
Large-scale industrial and commercial capital farmland from the agricultural industry chain as a whole higher profits, government policies and vigorously support the development of modern agriculture and the demand for capital and other external forces, but also include the capital for profit, the first possession of agricultural resources and business Capital stock and other internal motivation, the specific methods include direct access and indirect access, but also provides for their specific access areas. Industrial and commercial capital to the countryside can bring economies of scale, knowledge spillover effect and social organization effect, but also will lead to the blindness of investment, non-food and non-agricultural tendencies, increase farmers’ risk and instability of land circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the commercial and industrial capital from the aspects of constructing the organizational form of family farms as enterprises, establishing strict access mechanism, implementing the risk guarantee system such as risk deposit, rent prepay system and industrial and commercial capital countryside insurance, and strengthening the regulatory system Laws and regulations governing farming land in rural areas.