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手性组装材料作为一种新型功能复合材料,已经引起众多科学研究领域的广泛关注,尤其是其在对映体分离方面的潜在应用成为当前的研究热点。本文首先从手性来源角度对手性组装材料的构建机制进行了分类探讨,包括手性诱导、手性放大、手性传递和手性转录4个主要途径,其中具有手性的多孔金属有机骨架、纳米笼是基于手性诱导和手性传递机制构建的组装材料,手性凝胶的形成是基于手性放大机制,而手性转录机制主要用于手性多孔无机材料、螺旋纳米结构的构建。其次,介绍了手性组装材料的对映体识别功能,主要针对金属有机骨架化合物(MOFs)、手性凝胶和纳米笼三类手性组装材料在对映体分离中的应用进行了综述。阐述了天然生物大分子DNA的手性自组装特性及其对对映体的立体选择性识别功能,并介绍了DNA螺旋组装结构在手性等离子材料、非对称催化剂设计等方面的应用。最后,归纳了金属有机骨架化合物、手性凝胶、纳米笼和DNA等手性组装材料各自的优势,并对DNA在手性拆分领域的应用前景进行了展望。
Chiral assembly materials, as a new type of functional composite, have attracted a great deal of attention in many fields of scientific research. In particular, their potential applications in the separation of enantiomers have become the current research hotspots. In this paper, the mechanism of chiral assembly was first discussed in terms of chiral origin, including chiral induction, chiral amplification, chiral transfer and chiral transcription. Chiral metal-organic frameworks, Nanocages are assembled materials based on chiral induction and chiral transport mechanisms. The formation of chiral gels is based on the chiral amplification mechanism, while the chiral transcription mechanism is mainly used for the construction of chiral porous inorganic materials and helical nanostructures. Secondly, the enantiomeric recognition of chiral assembly materials is introduced. The applications of enantioseparation of three kinds of chiral assembly materials, including metal organic framework compounds (MOFs), chiral gels and nanocages, are reviewed. The chiral self-assembly properties of natural biological macromolecules DNA and their stereoselective recognition of enantiomers were described. The application of DNA helix assembly structure in chiral plasma materials and asymmetric catalyst design was also introduced. Finally, the respective advantages of chiral assembly materials such as metal organic framework compounds, chiral gels, nanocages and DNA are summarized, and the application prospect of DNA in the field of chiral resolution is prospected.