船厂沿用的化学除锈方法,是采用硫酸或盐酸溶液酸洗。其工艺过程一般为: 去油→热水洗→酸洗除锈→冷水冲洗→冷水洗→碱液中和处理→冷水洗→磷化处理(为提高防蚀性能,必须进行此道工序)→冷水洗→热水洗→干燥。这种酸洗工艺工序烦琐,劳动强度大,且酸雾较大,影响工人的健康。为了改革旧的酸洗工艺,上海造船工艺研究所在江南造船厂、江洲造船厂、中南金属结构厂的协作下研究成功了酸洗磷化一步法新工艺。该工艺采用磷酸-柠檬酸系作为酸洗液,加 Shipyard chemical descaling method used is the use of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid solution pickling. The process is generally: degreasing → hot water washing → pickling rust → cold water washing → cold water washing → lye neutralization → cold water washing → phosphating (in order to improve the anti-corrosion performance, this process must be carried out) → cold water Wash → hot water wash → dry. This pickling process cumbersome, labor-intensive, and a larger acid mist, affecting the health of workers. In order to reform the old pickling process, the Shanghai Institute of Shipbuilding Technology in Jiangnan Shipyard, Jiangzhou Shipyard, Zhongnan Metal Structure Plant under the cooperation of the success of the successful pickling phosphating one-step process. The process uses phosphoric acid - citric acid as a pickling solution, plus