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随着时代变迁,法兰克福学派第一和第二代理论家们所进行的批判理论工作似乎过时了。但实际上,对于当今的社会批判领域来说,这一工作中三个相互联系着的环节依然是值得继承的,它们分别是合理普遍者的规范性主旨、理性社会病理学的理念和解放兴趣的概念。合理普遍者观念最初来自于黑格尔,在批判理论中它被理解为完好的社会性形式的保证和人的不变的行为方式的潜能。由于资本主义社会丧失了这种合理普遍者即社会合理性,社会病理学发生了,这一结论由以得出的解释框架,来自于卢卡奇对马克思和韦伯的结合。为了克服社会病理学,重新建立理论与实践之间的关系,批判理论采用了弗洛伊德的精神分析方法,形成了指向理性的解放兴趣概念。
As the times changed, the critical theoretical work carried out by the first and second generation of Frankfurt school theorists seemed outdated. But in fact, for the field of social criticism today, the three interrelated links in this work are still worthy of succession. They are respectively the normative thrust of rational universalism, the philosophy of rational social pathology and the interest in liberation the concept of. The notion of a reasonable generality originally came from Hegel, and in critical theory it is understood as the promise of a sound social form and a human constant behavior. Since the capitalist society loses this reasonable generality, that is, social rationality, social pathology has taken place. This conclusion is derived from the framework of explanation drawn from Lukacs’ combination of Marx and Weber. In order to overcome the social pathology and reestablish the relationship between theory and practice, critical theory uses Freud’s psychoanalysis method and forms a concept of liberation of interest toward reason.