对１４列不同车次客车、１１个不同等级的候车室进行了铁路吸烟现状和控烟对策的调查，结果显示旅客吸烟率为３９．９％。经统计分析，性别、年龄、职业这３项因素与吸烟行为密切相关。针对铁路目前存在的问题提出相应的控烟对策。 A survey of railway smoking status and tobacco control measures was carried out on 14 passenger cars of different train numbers and 11 different waiting rooms. The results showed that the smoking rate of passengers was 39.9%. The statistical analysis, sex, age, occupation of these three factors are closely related to smoking behavior. In view of the existing problems of the railway, a corresponding tobacco control countermeasure is put forward.