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用改良的Giemsa C-带技术以单株为基础分析了八倍体小黑麦×普通小麦的杂种BC_1,F_(?)和F_(?)代植株的核型。在鉴定了C-带核型的1098株杂种后代植株中,发现了78条小麦-黑麦和277条黑麦-黑麦易位染色体。在不同的世代和株系中,小麦-黑麦染色体易位率变化在4.35—14.07%之间,平均7.10%;黑麦-黑麦染色体易位率在0.48—52.78%之间,平均25.23%。鉴定的小麦-黑麦易位染色体涉及了黑麦的14条不同的染色体臂和小麦的A、B和D组染色体。易位的48.57%发生在小麦和黑麦的部分同源染色体之间,51.43%发生在非部分同源染色体之间。不同的黑麦染色体臂参与易位的频率不同。小麦-黑麦染色体易位主要发生在杂种的早期世代,使用适当的选择技术在F_3获得了纯合的易位植株。文中讨论了快速选育易位系的技术和它们在小麦育种中的应用问题。
The karyotypes of the hybrids BC_1, F_ (?) And F_ (?) Of the octagonal triticale × common wheat were analyzed on the basis of the single plant with a modified Giemsa C-banding technique. Among 1098 hybrid progeny plants identified as C-band karyotype, 78 wheat-rye and 277 rye-rye translocation chromosomes were found. In different generations and lines, the translocation rate of wheat-rye chromosome varied from 4.35-14.07%, with an average of 7.10%. The rye-rye chromosome translocation rate was between 0.48-52.78% with an average of 25.23% . The identified wheat-rye translocation chromosome involved 14 different chromosome arms of rye and A, B and D chromosomes of wheat. 48.57% of translocations occurred between homologous chromosomes of wheat and rye, and 51.43% occurred between non-homologous chromosomes. Different rye chromosome arms have different frequencies of translocations. The wheat-rye chromosome translocation occurs mainly in the early generations of hybrids and homozygous translocations were obtained at F_3 using appropriate selection techniques. The paper discusses the technology of rapid selection of translocation lines and their application in wheat breeding.