历史学的本质是对历史的认识。历史认识又包含三个层次:考实性认识、规律性认识和评价性认识。(1)要形成这些认识,须基于一定的时间序列和空间范围,依据史料,从历史的角度进行客观理解,并对此进行科学的解释,从而形成正确的价值判断。故时空观念、史料实证、历史理解、历史解释和历史价值观构成了历史学科五大核心素养。其中,时空观念和史料实证是基 The essence of history is the understanding of history. Historical knowledge also contains three levels: the understanding of proclivity, the regularity of cognition and the evaluation of cognition. (1) To form these understandings, we must form a correct value judgments based on historical data and from a historical point of view based on historical data and scientific explanations based on certain time series and spatial scope. Therefore, the concept of time and space, historical facts, historical understanding, historical interpretation and historical values ​​constitute the five core disciplines of history. Among them, the concept of space-time and historical evidence is based