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大瑶山调查在费孝通的民族研究中有着重要地位。1935年第一次大瑶山调查时,费孝通主要以体质人类学为视角,从体质、文化、语言等方面研究特定民族。以这次调查及对民族的认识为基础,费孝通曾对顾颉刚的“中华民族是一个”理论提出质疑。新中国成立后,费孝通在思考中华民族“多”与“一”的关系过程中,逐步认识到必须要从历史的视角、从整体研究和微型研究的结合中探讨中国各民族和中华民族的形成以及各民族交往融合等问题,并提出了“中华民族多元一体格局”这一重要理论。费孝通对大瑶山的历次调查,深刻地反映出其民族研究的理论自觉的历程。
Dayaoshan survey in Fei Xiaotong’s ethnic studies have an important position. In the first survey of Dayaoshan in 1935, Fei Xiaotong mainly studied the specific ethnic groups from the aspects of physique, culture and language from the perspective of physique anthropology. Based on this investigation and understanding of the nation, Fei Xiaotong questioned Gu Jiegang’s theory that “the Chinese nation is one.” After the founding of New China, Fei Xiaotong came to realize that it is necessary to study from the perspective of history and from a combination of holistic and micro-studies the relationship between the Chinese nation, “more” and “one” The formation of the nation and the Chinese nation as well as the integration of the various ethnic groups and other issues, and put forward the important theory of “the pattern of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation”. Fei Xiaotong’s investigations of Dayaoshan profoundly reflected the course of his theory of national studies.