在新中国成立前后相当长时间的政治转型期内,政治压倒一切,学术的空间非常狭小,学者的处境颇为尴尬。对于从旧时代过来的学者来说,要适应这样一个新时代,就必须自觉地完成自我的转型,以便在学术与政治之间找到合宜的生存空间。金毓黻、顾颉刚、夏鼐在解放后的艰难转型与人生境遇,与大多数中国学者或知识分子有相似之处,但也有不尽相同的地方。通过具体剖析金毓黻、顾颉刚、夏鼐三位著名历史学家这段充满苦涩与波折的生命史,有助于深化认识新中国学术建设尤其是历史学艰难起步的坎坷历程。 In the period of political transition, which was a long time before and after the founding of New China, politics was overwhelming, the academic space was very narrow, and the situation of scholars was quite embarrassing. For scholars from the old age, to adapt to such a new era, they must conscientiously complete their transformation so as to find a suitable living space between academics and politics. The difficult transformation and life experience of Jin Yu-yu, Gu Jie-gang and Xia Tuan after liberation have similarities with most Chinese scholars or intellectuals, but there are also differences. Through a detailed analysis of the bitter and twisting life histories of the famous historians such as Jin Yu-yu, Gu Jie-gang and Xia Xun, it helps to deepen the understanding of the difficult course of academic construction in new China, especially the difficult historical start.