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交通基础设施建设已被证实是改善发展中国家经济表现的重要因素,但其中的作用机制仍然众说纷纭。近年来,人们普遍认为资源在企业间的配置效率不同是国家间经济绩效差异的重要原因。为了验证交通基础设施是否确实影响了企业资源配置效率,进而提升了经济绩效,文章将中国制造业企业数据与高速公路建设数据进行匹配,并以此为基础对中国交通基础设施建设对企业资源配置效率的影响及其作用机制进行了实证分析。我们的研究发现:交通基础设施建设确实改善了企业的资源配置效率,距离高速公路更近的城市,企业的实际规模与最优规模差异更小。具体来看,交通基础设施降低了同时使得资本和劳动投入偏离的产出扭曲,使得企业的实际规模与最优规模更为接近。进一步的中介效应分析发现,高速公路影响企业资源配置效率的因素主要有价格加成和行业集中度等,而通过企业存货产生的作用并不显著。
Transport infrastructure has proven to be an important factor in improving the economic performance of developing countries, but the mechanisms of action are still widely divergent. In recent years, it is generally believed that the different allocation efficiency of resources among enterprises is an important reason for the difference in economic performance among countries. In order to verify whether the traffic infrastructure has indeed affected the efficiency of enterprise resource allocation and thus enhances economic performance, this paper matches the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises with the data of highway construction, and based on this, analyzes the allocation of China’s transportation infrastructure to the allocation of enterprise resources Efficiency and its mechanism of action were analyzed empirically. Our research finds that transportation infrastructure does improve the efficiency of resource allocation in enterprises. In cities closer to the expressway, the difference between the actual scale and the optimal scale of enterprises is smaller. Specifically, traffic infrastructure reduces the distortions in output that at the same time deviate capital and labor inputs, bringing the firm’s actual size closer to its optimal size. Further analysis of the intermediary effect found that the main factors influencing the efficiency of the allocation of resources of enterprises in the expressway are price increase and industry concentration, and the effect of the stock through the enterprise inventory is not significant.