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通过3 a定位试验,采用实地测产、水分平衡等方法,研究了秸秆还田对冬小麦和夏玉米产量与产量性状,以及土壤储水量、作物耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田可降低小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数以及玉米单位面积穗数,增加小麦千粒重以及玉米穗粒数和千粒重;秸秆还田处理的小麦-玉米周年产量较秸秆不还田处理增加1.1%,其中,小麦季减产3.3%,玉米季增产4.8%;秸秆还田处理的小麦季和玉米季各时期0~200 cm土体储水量均跃秸秆不还田处理,其中,小麦收获期至玉米播种期土壤储水量增加明显,增幅为4.6%;秸秆还田处理有利于减少小麦季和玉米季的作物耗水量,提高周年水分利用效率,但不利于小麦季作物水分利用率的提高。
The effects of straw incorporation on winter wheat and summer maize yield and yield traits, as well as soil water storage, crop water consumption and water use efficiency were studied by 3-year positioning test, field measurement and moisture balance. The results showed that straw returning reduced the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of spikelets and the number of spike per unit area of corn, increased the 1000-grain weight of wheat and the number of ears per spike and 1000-grain weight. The annual yield of wheat- Treatment increased by 1.1%, of which, wheat reduced by 3.3%, corn yield increased 4.8%; wheat straw and maize in each period of 0 ~ 200 cm soil water storage capacity of the average period of non-return to straw treatment, of which wheat During the period of harvesting to maize sowing, soil water storage increased obviously, an increase of 4.6%. Straw treatment was beneficial to reducing crop water consumption and improving annual water use efficiency, but not conducive to the water use efficiency improve.