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通过重复授粉和 75μg· g- 1GA3处理 ,成功地获得了普通小麦 ( T.aestivum)与瓦维洛夫山羊草 ( Ae.vavilovii) RM0 2 86、RM0 2 91 2个组合属间杂种 ,其间表现出较高的可交配性 ,杂交结实率分别达 39.84%和 41 .2 2 %。杂种 F1植株具有双亲的形态特征 ,并表现出强的生活力。通过对 F1植株小孢子发生和花粉发育的细胞学观察发现 ,花粉母细胞减数分裂过程异常紊乱 ,中期 二价体平均配对频率低于期望值 ,未出现多价体 ;后期 有染色体落后 ;在小孢子发育过程中 ,四分体期有多个微核出现 ,同时发生了高频的多分孢子 ,形成五分、六分孢子 ;单核靠边期始有小孢子败育 ,二细胞及三细胞花粉期各有不同程度的败育 ,成熟花粉仅占 7.65%和 1 3.75%。因此 ,花粉的大量败育是造成杂种 F1低育的重要原因之一。
Through repeated pollination and 75μg · g-1GA3 treatment, we successfully obtained two cross combinations of T.aestivum and Ae.vavilovii RM0 2 86 and RM0 2 91, With higher malleability, the seed setting rate was 39.84% and 41.22% respectively. F1 hybrid plants have morphological characteristics of parents and show strong viability. Cytological observation on the microsporogenesis and pollen development of F1 plants showed that the meiosis process of pollen mother cells was abnormally disrupted. The average matching frequency of bivalents in mid-stage was lower than the expected value, and no multi-body was observed. In the process of spore development, multiple micronuclei appear in tetrad stage, and high-frequency multi-spores are formed at the same time to form fifth and sixth spores. At the beginning of mononuclear stage, microspore abortion, two-cell and three-cell pollen Each has different degrees of abortion, mature pollen accounted for only 7.65% and 1 3.75%. Therefore, a large number of pollen abortion is one of the important reasons for the hybrid F1 low fertility.