1. IntroductionrnAngiosperms are the most important group of plants in the current earth ecosystem. However, little is known about the origin of angiosperms, which has been a headache for many botanists. The core question in the origin of angiosperms is the homology of carpels. Formerly, Arber EAN and Parkin J (1907) speculated that the carpels in angiosperms were derived from the former megasporophylls bearing ovules along their margins. Consequently, conduplicate carpels bearing ovules on their adaxial (ventral) margins (as in Magnoliaceae) were taken as the most ancestral among angiosperms (Canright JE, 1960; Cronquist A, 1988). This hypothesis remained unsupported by fossil evidence until Archaeanthus was published by Dilcher DL and Crane PR (1984). Such support was later reinforced by the so-called“First Flower” Archaefructus (Sun G et al., 1998, 2002), which was also assumed to have “conduplicate” carpels. However, more careful research indicate that Archaefructus has no“conduplicate”carpels (namely, its ovules are inserted along the dorsal margin of the fruits) (Ji Q et al., 2004;Wang X and Zheng XT, 2012), casting doubt over the validity of Arber and Parkin \'s hypothesis. This doubt grows greater as the APG \'s basalmost angiosperm, Amborella, has ascidiate rather than conduplicate carpels (Buzgo M et al., 2004). The situation prompts the author to double-check the ovule insertion in Archaeanthus. The outcome is crucial in botany, as it is hinged with the ultimate fate of the hypothesis of Arber and Parkin that has been influencing almost all leading systematic botanists for more than a century.