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塔里木盆地是在前震旦纪陆壳基底之上发育起来的大型叠合盆地。从震旦纪到新近纪,塔北隆起经历了多期构造运动。构造活动形成的构造背景为油气运移创造条件,断裂为油气运移提供良好的通道;多期岩溶作用改造储层,为油气富集提供良好的储集空间。整体而言,塔北隆起与奥陶系岩溶储层改造及油气富集相关构造运动大致分为6期,中加里东期,桑塔木组沉积期存在暴露的斜坡背景;晚加里东运动以北部整体掀斜为特征,并发育NNW走向的走滑断裂;早海西期构造运动主要发育于轮南凸起,形成了轮南鼻状凸起及东河塘—轮台断裂带、轮西断裂—轮南断裂带及桑塔木断裂带等3条主要断裂带;晚海西期构造变形与火山岩侵入所产生的挤压及差异挤压相关,构造变形主要发育在侵入体周缘;印支期在NW向挤压应力作用下,在塔北西部产生基底卷入型的逆断层及逆冲走滑断层,东部老断裂活化;燕山期构造变形微弱,喜马拉雅期受南天山逆冲挤压形成库车坳陷,塔北隆起北部随之沉降,且受差异挤压作用,形成NNE走向的走滑断层。塔北隆起的岩溶形成时期主要有中、晚加里东期和早海西期。中加里东期桑塔木组沉积前存在暴露的斜坡背景,形成明暗河系统;晚加里东期在桑塔木组尖灭线以北发育风化壳型岩溶储层;桑塔木组尖灭线向南8km范围内发育承压型顺层岩溶储层;更南部则主要发育深部潜流型岩溶储层。早海西期岩溶主要发育于轮南凸起,叠加发育于中加里东期岩溶之上。塔北隆起油气由南向北运移,断裂是油气运移的重要通道。NNW向走滑断层控制油气的早期运移,NNE向走滑断层对油气的后期调整具有重要作用。
The Tarim Basin is a large superimposed basin developed above the pre-Sinian continental shelf basement. From the Sinian to the Neogene, Tabei uplift experienced many tectonic movements. The tectonic setting formed by tectonic activities creates the conditions for the migration of oil and gas, and the faults provide a good channel for hydrocarbon migration. The multi-period karstification rebuilds the reservoirs to provide a good reservoir space for oil and gas enrichment. Taken as a whole, the structural movement of Tarim uplift and Ordovician karst reservoir reformation and hydrocarbon enrichment can be roughly divided into six phases. In the Caledonian and Santamu depositional periods, there was an exposed slope background. Late Caledonian motion The whole north is characterized by tilting, and NNW strike-slip faults are developed. Early Early Hercynian tectonic movement mainly developed in Lunnan uplift, which formed the Lunnan nose-up and Donghitang-Rantai fault zone, Fault - the Lunnan fault zone and the Sangtamu fault zone. The tectonic deformation in the Late Hercynian period was related to the extrusion and differential extrusion caused by volcanic intrusions. The tectonic deformation was mainly developed at the periphery of the invaded body. The Indosinian In NW stage, thrust faults and thrust faults occurred in the western part of northern Taban, and the eastern part of the fault ruptured. During the Yanshanian period, the structural deformation was weak and the Himalayan thrust was formed by thrusting in the southern Tianshan Mountains In the Kuqa Depression, the north of Tabei uplift subsided subsequently and was subjected to differential extrusion to form a strike-slip fault with NNE strike. During the period of karst formation in Tabei uplift, there are mainly Middle and Late Caledonian and Early Hercynian periods. In the middle Caledonian period, there was an exposed slope background before the deposition of the Santamu Formation, forming a light-dark river system. In the late Caledonian, weathered crustal karst reservoirs were developed north of the pinnacle of the Santamu Formation. Development of pressure-bearing bedding karst reservoirs within 8km to the south, and deep sub-flow karst reservoirs in the south. The Early Hercynian karst mainly developed in the Lunnan uplift and superimposed on the Middle Caledonian karst. Tarim uplift migration from south to north, fracture is an important channel for oil and gas migration. NNW to the strike-slip fault control early oil and gas migration, NNE strike-slip faults on the post-adjustment of oil and gas play an important role.