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为加强对工人不安全行为的管理,保障建筑施工安全,利用结构方程模型(SEM)建模方法研究建筑工人个体安全能力与影响因素间的效用关系。从个体特质和工作环境2方面进行分析,得到技能素质、心理状态、生理状态等16个影响因素。以工作环境的8个影响因素作为外源潜伏变量,其余8个影响因素作为内生潜伏变量,构建建筑工人个体安全能力SEM。利用问卷调查所得数据对模型进行拟合与修正,实现影响因素效用的客观量化。研究结果表明:建筑工人的个体安全能力主要取决于其技能素质;工作环境中,效用最大的因素是施工现场的安全资源配备;当前建筑行业的安全培训与安全文化建设工作还有待进一步开展。
In order to strengthen the management of workers’ unsafe behavior and ensure the safety of building construction, the structural relationship model (SEM) modeling method is used to study the utility relationship between individual safety capability and influencing factors of construction workers. From the individual traits and work environment 2 aspects of analysis, access to skills, psychological status, physiological status and other 16 factors. Eight influencing factors of working environment were taken as exogenous latent variables, and the remaining eight influential factors were regarded as endogenous latent variables to construct SEM of individual safety of construction workers. Using the data obtained from the questionnaire to fit and correct the model, objective quantification of the influential factors is achieved. The results show that: the individual safety ability of construction workers mainly depends on their technical quality; the most effective factor in the working environment is the safety resource allocation at the construction site; the current safety training and safety culture construction in the construction industry needs to be further carried out.